Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia between 102º and 108º longitude East and 10º and 15º latitude North. It is bordered by Vietnam to the east and southeast, Laos to the north, Thailand to the west and northwest, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. The country covers an area of 181,040 square kilometers, divided into 23 provinces and 1 autonomous municipality, with a coastline of about 460 kilometers.

Cambodia's landscape is characterized by a low-lying center surrounded by uplands and mountains in the east, north and west, and includes the Tonle Sap in the central part and the flood plains of the Mekong River and its tributaries, extending outward from the southeast. Plains, plateaus, and mountains account for 46%, 29%, and 25% of the country's total area, respectively. Cambodia can be divided into four main geographical regions: the Northwest, the Southwest, the Northeast and the Center. The Northwestern region covers an area of about 18,000 square kilometers, including the Dangrek Mountains, stretching for 300 kilometers from west to the east, forming a natural border between Cambodia and Thailand. The Southwestern region covers an area of ​​about 26,000 square kilometers, including the Cardamom Mountains, whose highest elevation is Phnom Aural (1,813m), also Cambodia's highest peak, and the second highest peak Phnom Samkos (1,744 m). The Cardamom Mountain range extends for hundreds of kilometers to the southwest all way to the Gulf of Thailand, forming a series of harbors and straits, and to the southeast by the Elephant Mountains, averaging 1,000 meters above sea level. The Northeastern region is a gently sloping highlands with an area of about 52,000 square kilometers, such as the Eastern Highland and the Kampong Cham highland. It is rich in fertile red land and is an important dryland agricultural area in Cambodia. The Center, namely the Central Plain, covers about 80,000 square kilometers, including the Tonle Sap Lake and the reaches of the Mekong River delta, generally at an altitude of 2800 meters. The rich soil and the proximity of fresh water have made the Central Plain an ideal area for natural resources and an important agricultural location.

Located south of the Tropic of Cancer, Cambodia has a tropical monsoon climate with an average annual mean of around 27°C. The seasons are conventionally divided into two, rainy and dry. The rainy season lasts from May to November, making the country receive more than 80% of the annual average rainfall (about 1800 mm). The dry season spans from December to April, which includes two seasons: a cool season from December to January featured with almost no rain and fine weather, and the coolest days last from December to January, with an average monthly temperature of 24°C; and a hot season from March to April, and April is the hottest month with an average monthly temperature of 30°C.

As of 2008, Cambodia has an estimated population of 14.2 million people. There are more than 20 ethnic groups in the country. The vast majority of Cambodia's population is of ethnic Khmer origin, accounting for 80% of the total population. Other minority ethnic groups include the Cham, Punong, Lao, Tai and Stieng. The Khmer language, together with English and French, is the official language. Buddhism is the official religion of Cambodia, practiced by over 93% of the population. The Chams believe in Islam, and a few urban residents believe in Catholicism. There are about 600,000 Chinese Cambodians and Chinese in Cambodia.