Thailand is located in the central part of the Indo-China Peninsula, with unique natural conditions. The terrain is dominated by plains. It borders with Cambodia to the east, Myanmar to the west and northwest, Laos to the northeast, and Malaysia to the south. It borders respectively on the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea in the southeast and southwest. The territory extends southward along the Kra Isthmus to the Malay Peninsula, bordering with Malaysia. Its narrow part is between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The total area of Thailand is ​​513,000 square kilometers and its coastline is 2,614 kilometers long. In 2014, the population was 64.5 million. Thailand is a multi-ethnic country with a population composed of more than 30 ethnic groups, of which 40% is the Tai ethnicity, 35% is the Lao ethnicity, 3.5% is the Malays ethnicity, and 2% is the Khmer ethnicity etc. In addition, there are mountain peoples such as Meo, Yao, Kuay, Karen and Shan etc. Thai is the national language and Buddhism is the national religion of Thailand. Its capital Bangkok is the political, economic and cultural center of Thailand as well as the largest port city. It is known as “Venice of the East”.

Thailand’s terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The climate is tropical monsoon climate. It is divided into three seasons, i.e. the seasons of heat, rain and drought with the annual average temperature reaching 24-30 °C and the average precipitation reaching more than 1000 mm. In coastal areas the precipitation can reach more than 3000 mm. The country is roughly divided into five natural areas: the northern and western inland mountain areas, the northeast plateau, the central plains, the southeastern coastal areas, and the southern peninsula.