The Socialist Republic of Vietnam (hereinafter referred to as Vietnam) is located in the east park of Indochina Peninsula, with an area of 329,560 km2. It enjoys relatively superior economic and geographical conditions, bordered by China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west, and the South China Sea to the east and south. The total land boundary is over 3,920km, and the China-Vietnam border line is over 1,340km; it has long and winding coastline, with a total length of over 3,260km. It has a narrow territory and demonstrates as an “S” in the north-south direction. The length from the south to the north is about 1,650km; the widest from the east to the west is 600km while the narrowest is only 50km. The country is located in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, hence it enjoys a tropical monsoon climate with high temperature and ample rains. The annual average temperature is around 24℃, and the average annual precipitation is 1,500-2,000mm. There are distinct four seasons in the north, and rainy season (May to October) and dry season (November to the next April) in the south.

Vietnam had a population of 90 million (November, 2013), and it has 54 ethnic groups, of which Kink accounts for 86% of the total population. The rest 53 ethnic minorities include Tày, Thai, Mường, Nùng, Mong, Hoa, etc. It is divided into 59 provinces, five municipalities. The population in Hanoi, the capital city, was 6.92 million (2012).

Vietnam is a mountainous country, with the area of mountains and plateaus taking up 3/4 of its land, and plains only 1/4. It enjoys rich natural resources. For example, the verified reserve of iron ore reaches 12 billion tons, and that of coals reaches over six billion tons and is mainly distributed in the Red River Delta in the north. In addition, there are resources of chromium, rare earth metals, tin, gold, zinc, titanium, copper, graphite, aluminum, etc. It has numerous rivers, the majority of which are suitable for the construction of large-scale hydropower stations. The hydropower reserve of Vietnam can reach 80 billion KWh. It has abundant offshore oil and gas resources. The verified reserves of crude oil and natural gas are over 1 billion tons and 1 trillion m3 respectively.